S. 495 would prevent and mitigate identity theft, ensure privacy, provide notice of security breaches, and enhance criminal penalties, law enforcement assistance, and other protections against security breaches, fraudulent access, and misuse of personally identifiable information.

== Detailed Summary ==

<summary>
Personal Data Privacy and Security Act of 20072007<b> - Title I: Enhancing Punishment For Identity Theft And Other Violations Of Data Privacy and Security - </b>(Sec. 101) Amends the federal criminal code to: (1) make fraud in connection withto add intentionally accessing a computer without authorization to the unauthorized accessdefinition of sensitive personally identifiable information (in electronic or digital form) a predicate for racketeering charges; and (2) prohibit concealment of security breaches involving such information.activity.

Directs the U.S. Sentencing Commission(Sec. 102) Imposes a fine and/or prison term of up to reviewfive years for intentionally and amend its guidelines relatingwillfully concealing a security breach involving sensitive personally identifiable information that causes economic damage to fraudulent access to,one or misuse of, digitized or electronicmore persons. Defines &quot;sensitive personally identifiable information (including identify theft).information&quot; to include an individual's name in combination with his or her social security number, home address, date of birth, biometrics data, or financial account information.

Requires a data broker to: (1) disclose(Sec. 103) Directs the U.S. Sentencing Commission to an individual, upon request, personal electronic records pertaining to such individual maintained for disclosure to third parties;review and (2) maintain proceduresamend, if appropriate, federal sentencing guidelines for correcting the accuracypersons convicted of such records.using fraud to access, or to misuse, digitized or electronic personally identifiable information, including sentencing guidelines for identity theft.

Establishes standards for developing and implementing safeguards(Sec. 104) Amends the federal bankruptcy code to protectprohibit the securitydismissal or conversion of sensitive personally identifiable information. Imposesa bankruptcy case based upon business entities civil penalties for violations of such standards. Requires such business entitiesa debtor's failure to notify: (1) any individual whose information has been accessed or acquired; and (2) the U.S. Secret Servicemeet means testing eligibility requirements if the numbersuch debtor is a victim of individuals involved exceeds 10,000.identity theft.

Authorizes<b>Title II: Data Brokers</b> - (Sec. 201) Requires interstate data brokers (defined as business entities which, for monetary fees or dues, regularly engage in the Attorney General and state attorney generalspractice of collecting, transmitting, or providing access to sensitive personally identifiable information on more than 5,000 individuals to nonaffiliated third parties on an interstate basis) to: (1) disclose to bring a civil actions against business entitiesrequesting individual all personal electronic records pertaining to such individual in their databases or systems at the time of such request; (2) provide guidance to such individuals for violationscorrecting inaccuracies in their records; (3) provide written or electronic notice of this Act. any adverse action taken against an individual by a third party based upon information in a their databases; and (4) correct any inaccurate information in their databases.

Requires(Sec. 202) Imposes civil penalties on data brokers who violate the Administratorrequirements of this title. Grants the General Services Administration in considering contract awards totaling more than $500,000,Federal Trade Commission (FTC) enforcement authority over data brokers. Allows state attorneys general to evaluate: (1) thepursue civil remedies against data privacy and security program ofbrokers who are deemed to pose a data broker; (2) program compliance; (3) the extent to which databases and systems have been compromised by security breaches; and (4) data broker responsesthreat to such breaches.state residents.

Requires federal agencies(Sec. 203) Preempts state regulation of data brokers.

(Sec. 204) Makes the provisions of this title effective 180 days after enactment of this Act.

<b>Title III: Privacy And Security Of Personally Identifiable Information - Subtitle A: A Data Privacy and Security Program</b> - (Sec. 301) Imposes requirements for a personal data privacy and security program on business entities that maintain sensitive personally identifiable information in electronic or digital form on 10,000 or more U.S. persons. Exempts certain financial institutions, covered entities under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPPA), and public records from such requirements.

(Sec. 302) Requires a business entity that is subject to conductdata privacy and security requirements to: (1) implement a comprehensive personal data privacy impactand security program to ensure the privacy, security, and confidentiality of sensitive personally identifying information and to protect against breaches of and unauthorized access to such information; (2) conduct risk assessments of potential security breaches; (3) adopt risk management and control policies and procedures; (4) ensure employee training and supervision for implementation of data security programs; and (5) undertake vulnerability testing and monitoring of personal data privacy and security programs.

(Sec. 303) Imposes civil penalties on business entities that violate the data privacy and security requirements of this subtitle. Grants enforcement authority for such requirements to the FTC.

(Sec. 304) Preempts state laws relating to administrative, technical, and physical safeguards for the protection of sensitive personally identifying information.

<b>Subtitle B: Security Breach Notification</b> - (Sec. 311) Requires any agency or business entity with sensitive personally identifiable information to notify without unreasonable delay any U.S. resident of a security breach in which such resident's information has been, or is reasonably believed to have been, accessed or acquired.

(Sec. 312) Exempts agencies or business entities from security breach notification requirements if they provide written certification to the Secret Service that providing such notification would impede a criminal investigation or damage national security. Requires the Secret Service to evaluate the merits of such certifications.

(Sec. 313) Requires an agency or business entity to give notice of a security breach to any affected individuals: (1) by written notice to their last known home mailing address, by telephone, or by email (if email notification was consented to); and (2) to major media outlets if the number of residents in a state affected by a security breach exceeds 5,000.

(Sec. 314) Requires the notification to individuals whose sensitive personally identifiable information has been accessed to include: (1) a description of the categories of information an unauthorized individual has acquired; and (2) toll-free numbers for contacting the agency or business entity whose databases have been breached and major credit reporting agencies.

(Sec. 315) Requires any business entity or agency that is required to provide notification to more than 5,000 individuals of a security breach to notify all consumer reporting agencies.

(Sec. 316) Requires any business entity or agency to notify the Secret Service of security breaches of sensitive personally identifying information within 14 days of any data security breach that involves: (1) more than 10,000 individuals; (2) a database that contains information about more than one million individuals nationwide; (3) a federal government database; or (4) individuals known to be government employees or contractors involved in national security or law enforcement. Requires the Secret Service to notify the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), the U.S. Postal Service, and the attorney general of each affected state of a security breach within 14 days of receiving notice of any breach.

(Sec. 317) Authorizes the Attorney General to bring a civil action, including an injunction, in a U.S. district court for violations of security breach notification requirements.

(Sec. 318) Allows state attorneys general to bring a civil action in a U.S. district court to enforce security breach notification requirements. Authorizes the Attorney General to stay, or intervene in, any state action.

(Sec. 319) Declares that the provisions of this subtitle shall supersede any other provision of federal or state law relating to notification by an interstate business entity or agency of a security breach.

(Sec. 320) Authorizes appropriations to the Secret Service to carry out investigations and risk assessments of security breaches.

(Sec. 321) Requires the Secret Service to report to Congress on security breaches resulting from risk assessment before purchasingexemptions.

(Sec. 322) Makes the provisions of this subtitle effective 90 days after enactment of this Act.

<b>Subtitle C: Office of Federal Identity Protection</b> - Establishes in the FTC an Office of Federal Identity Protection to assist victims of identity theft. Authorizes appropriations for such Office for FY2008-FY2012.

<b>Title IV: Government Access To And Use Of Commercial Data</b> - (Sec. 401) Requires the Administrator of the General Services Administration, in awarding contracts totaling more than 0,000 to data brokers, to evaluate their data privacy and security programs, their compliance, the extent to which their databases and systems have been compromised by security breaches, and their responses to such breaches. Provides a compliance safe harbor for data brokers and penalties against data brokers for noncompliance with security breach notification requirements.

(Sec. 402) Requires federal agencies to audit and evaluate the information security practices of government contractors and third parties that support the information technology systems of such agencies.

(Sec. 403) Amends the E-Government Act of 2002 to require federal agencies that purchase or subscribe to personally identifiable information from a commercial entity to conduct privacy impact assessments on the use of those services.

Requires the Comptroller General to conduct a study and audit and prepare a report for submission to Congress on federal agency adherence to privacy principles in using data broker.brokers or commercial databases containing personally identifiable information.

(Sec. 404) Requires the Department of Justice to designate a department-wide Chief Privacy Officer. Sets forth the duties and responsibilities of such Officer.
</summary>

<!--Leave in the 'summary' tags if you want the latest summary from the Congressional Research Service automatically to replace the text between the tags once it becomes available. -->

== Status of the Legislation ==

<status>
Latest Major Action: 5/23/2007: Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar under General Orders. Calendar No. 168.
</status>

<!-- Leave in the 'status' tags if you want the latest reported status from THOMAS automatically to replace the text between the tags once it becomes available. -->

== Points in Favor ==

(Log in to edit the wiki and be the first to show why the bill should pass!)
<!-- First editor: Go ahead and take out the sentence in parentheses, and this notice! -->

== Points Against ==

(Log in to edit the wiki and be the first to show why the bill should not pass!)
<!-- First editor: Go ahead and take out the sentence in parentheses, and this notice! -->